More docs for maps.

doc/site/maps.markdown

@@ -10,35 +10,105 @@ curly braces. Each entry is a key and a value separated by a colon:
 
     :::dart
     {
-      "george": "harrison",
-      "john": "lennon",
-      "paul": mccartney",
-      "ringo": "starr"
+      "George": "Harrison",
+      "John": "Lennon",
+      "Paul": "McCartney",
+      "Ringo": "Starr"
     }
 
 This creates a map that maps the first names of the Beatles to their last
-names. Here, we're using strings for both keys and values.
+names. Syntactically, in a map literal, keys can be any literal, a variable name, or a parenthesized expression. Values can be any expression. Here, we're using string literals for both keys and values.
 
-Values can be any Wren object, and multiple keys may map to the same value.
+*Semantically*, values can be any object, and multiple keys may map to the
+same value. Keys have a few limitations. They must be one of the immutable
+built-in [value types](values.html) in Wren. That means a number, string,
+range, bool, or `null`. You can also use a [class object](classes.html) as a
+key.
 
-Keys have a few limitations. They must be one of the immutable built-in [value
-types](values.html) in Wren. In other words, a number, string, range, bool, or
-`null`. You can also use a [class object](classes.html) as a key. Any given key
-can only be present in the map once. If you use it twice, the latter replaces
-the former's value.
+The reason for this limitation—and the reason maps are called "*hash* tables" in other languages—is that each key is used to generate a numeric *hash code*. This lets a map locate the value associated with a key in constant time, even in very large maps. Since Wren only knows how to hash certain built-in types, only those can be used as keys.
 
 ## Adding entries
 
-**TODO**
+You add new key-value pairs to the map by using the [subscript operator][]:
+
+    :::dart
+    var capitals = {}
+    capitals["Georgia"] = "Atlanta"
+    capitals["Idaho"] = "Boise"
+    capitals["Maine"] = "Augusta"
+
+If the key isn't already present, this adds it and associates it with the given value. If the key is already there, this just replaces its value.
+
+[subscript operator]: expressions.html#subscript-operators
 
 ## Looking up values
 
-**TODO**
+To find the value associated with some key, again you use your friend the subscript operator:
+
+    :::dart
+    IO.print(capitals["Idaho"]) // "Boise".
+
+If the key is present, this returns its value. Otherwise, it returns `null`. Of course, `null` itself can also be used as a value, so seeing `null` here doesn't necessarily mean the key wasn't found.
+
+To tell definitively if a key exists, you can call `containsKey()`:
+
+    :::dart
+    var belief = {"nihilism": null}
+
+    IO.print(belief["nihilism"]) // "null" though key exists.
+    IO.print(belief["solipsism"]) // Also "null".
+    IO.print(belief.containsKey("nihilism")) // "true".
+    IO.print(belief.containsKey("solipsism")) // "false".
+
+You can see how many entries a map contains using `count`:
+
+    :::dart
+    IO.print(capitals.count) // "3".
 
 ## Removing entries
 
-**TODO**
+To remove an entry from a map, call `remove()` and pass in the key for the entry you want to delete:
+
+    :::dart
+    capitals.remove("Maine")
+    IO.print(capitals.containsKey("Maine")) // "false".
+
+If the key was found, this returns the value that was associated with it:
+
+    :::dart
+    IO.print(capitals.remove("Georgia")) // "Atlanta".
+
+If the key wasn't in the map to begin with, `remove()` just returns `null`.
+
+If you want to remove *everything* from the map, just like with [lists][], you
+can just call `clear`:
+
+    :::dart
+    capitals.clear
+    IO.print(capitals.count) // "0".
+
+[lists]: lists.html
 
 ## Iterating over the contents
 
-**TODO**
+The subscript operator works well for finding values when you know the key you're looking for, but sometimes you want to see everything that's in the map. For that, map exposes two methods: `keys` and `values`.
+
+The first returns a [Sequence][] that [iterates][] over all of the keys in the map, and the second returns one that iterates over the values.
+
+[sequence]: core/sequence.html
+[iterates]: control-flow.html#the-iterator-protocol
+
+If you want to see all of the key-value pairs in a map, the easiest way is to iterate over the keys and use each to look up its value:
+
+    :::dart
+    var stateBirds = {
+      "Arizona": "Cactus wren",
+      "Hawaii": "Nēnē",
+      "Ohio": "Northern Cardinal"
+    }
+
+    for (state in stateBirds.keys) {
+      IO.print("The state bird of ", state, " is ", stateBirds[state])
+    }
+
+This program will print the three states and their birds. However, the *order* that they are printed isn't defined. Wren makes no promises about what order keys and values will be iterated in when you use these methods. All it promises is that every entry will appear exactly once.